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Li, L.*; 宮本 吾郎*; Zhang, Y.*; Li, M.*; 諸岡 聡; 及川 勝成*; 友田 陽*; 古原 忠*
Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 184, p.221 - 234, 2024/06
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Dynamic transformation (DT) of austenite (
) to ferrite (
) in the hot deformation of various carbon steels was widely investigated. However, the nature of DT remains unclear due to the lack of quantitative analysis of stress partitioning between two phases and the uncertainty of local distribution of substitutional elements at the interface in multi-component carbon steels used in the previous studies. Therefore, in the present study, a binary Fe-Ni alloy with + duplex microstructure in equilibrium was prepared and isothermally compressed in + two-phase region to achieve quantitative analysis of microstructure evolution, stress partitioning and thermodynamics during DT. to DT during isothermal compression and to reverse transformation on isothermal annealing under unloaded condition after deformation were accompanied by Ni partitioning. The lattice strains during thermomechanical processing were obtained via in-situ neutron diffraction measurement, based on which the stress partitioning behavior between and was discussed by using the generalized Hooke's law. A thermodynamic framework for the isothermal deformation in solids was established based on the basic laws of thermodynamics, and it was shown that the total Helmholtz free energy change in the deformable material during the isothermal process should be smaller than the work done to the deformable material. Under the present thermodynamic framework, the microstructure evolution in the isothermal compression of Fe-14Ni alloy was well explained by considering the changes in chemical free energy, plastic and elastic energies and the work done to the material. In addition, the stabilization of the soft phase in Fe-14Ni alloy by deformation was rationalized since the to transformation decreased the total Helmholtz free energy by decreasing the elastic and dislocation energies.
伊藤 孝; 門野 良典*
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 93(4), p.044602_1 - 044602_7, 2024/04
We propose a model to describe the fluctuations in the internal magnetic field due to ion dynamics observed in muon spin relaxation (
SR) by an Edwards-Anderson-type autocorrelation function that separates the quasi-static and dynamic components of the correlation by the parameter 
(where 
). Our Monte Carlo simulations for this model showed that the time evolution of muon spin polarization deviates significantly from the Kubo-Toyabe function. To further validate the model, the results of simulations were compared with the SR spectra observed in a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite FAPbI
[with FA referring to HC(NH
)], where local field fluctuations associated with the rotational motion of FA molecules and quasi-static fields from the PbI lattice are presumed to coexist. The least-squares curve fitting showed reasonable agreement with the model with 
, and the fluctuation frequency of the dynamical component was obtained. This result opens the door to the possibility of experimentally distinguishing fluctuations due to the dynamics of ions around muons from those due to the self-diffusion of muons. On the other hand, it suggests the need to carefully consider the spin relaxation function when applying SR to the issue of ion dynamics.
沖田 将一朗; 後藤 実
Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety (ICNC2023) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2023/10
The recently released JENDL-5 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 have adopted porosity-dependent thermal neutron scattering law (TSL) data for reactor graphite, and they improve neutronic calculation accuracy of criticality for graphite-moderated cores. Currently, we can only handle neutronic calculations for three graphite porosities of 0%, 10%, and 30%. The uncertainties associated with the difference between the porosity of actual reactor graphite (
20%) and the porosity remains. Toward the future update of JENDL-5, we are planning to preparing new TSL data of reactor graphite. As a first step, it is essential to evalute phonon density state distribution of reactor graphite. In this study, in order to evalute it, molecular dynamic (MD) analysis is performed for three MD models: ideal crystalline graphite (Ideal model), 20%-porous reactor graphite with monoatomic random pore (Monoatomic random model), and 20%-porous reactor graphite with atomic cluster random pore (Cluster random model). The ideal crystalline graphite is modeled without any pores for reference. The 20%-porous reactor graphite with monoatomic random pore is modeled by randomly removing atoms from the ideal crystalline graphite. The 20%-porous reactor graphite with cluster random pore is modeled by randomly removing atomic clusters of approximately 2 nm in diameter from the ideal crystalline graphite. Their interatomic interactions are on the basis of Reactive Empirical Bond Order (REBO) potential. Velocity autocorrelation functions and phonon density of states distributions are calculated for these models. For validation, specific heat for each model is evaluated, and they are compred with experimental values.
奥村 拓馬*; 橋本 直; 他40名*
Physical Review Letters, 130(17), p.173001_1 - 173001_7, 2023/04
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：83.24(Physics, Multidisciplinary)To test bound-state quantum electrodynamics (BSQED) in the strong-field regime, we have performed high-precision X-ray spectroscopy of the 5
-4
and 5-4
transitions (BSQED contribution of 2.4 eV and 5.2 eV, respectively) of muonic neon atoms in the low-pressure gas phase without bound electrons. Muonic atoms have been recently proposed as an alternative to few-electron high-Z ions for BSQED tests by focusing on circular Rydberg states where nuclear contributions are negligibly small. We determined the 
-
transition energy to be 6297.08 
0.04 (stat.) 0.13 (syst.) eV using superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters (5.2-5.5 eV FWHM resolution), which agrees well with the most advanced BSQED theoretical prediction of 6297.26 eV.
Wu, P.*; 村井 直樹; Li, T.*; 梶本 亮一; 中村 充孝; 古府 麻衣子; 中島 健次; Xia, K.*; Peng, K.*; Zhang, Y.*; et al.
New Journal of Physics (Internet), 25(1), p.013032_1 - 013032_11, 2023/01
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The understanding of the lattice dynamics is essential for engineering the thermal transport properties in quantum materials. Based on the canonical point of view, acoustic phonons are believed to be the principal thermal carriers in heat flow. Here, in this work, optical phonons are elucidated to play a pivotal role in determining the lattice thermal conductivity in thermoelectric material SnS by using the state-of-the-art inelastic neutron scattering technique combined with first-principles calculations. Additionally, in contrast to acoustic phonons, optical phonons are observed to exhibit pronounced softening and broadening with temperature. Our observations not only shed light on the significance of the optical phonons in thermal transport but also provide a vital clue to suppress the propagation of optical phonons to optimize the thermoelectric performance of SnS.
Hamdani, A.; 安部 諭; 石垣 将宏; 柴本 泰照; 与能本 泰介
Progress in Nuclear Energy, 153, p.104415_1 - 104415_16, 2022/11
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：68.71(Nuclear Science & Technology)This paper describes the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and validation works from the previous experimental study on the natural convection driven by outer surface cooling in the presence of density stratification consisting of air and helium (as a mimic gas of hydrogen). The experiment was conducted in the Containment InteGral effects Measurement Apparatus (CIGMA) facility at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the detailed effect of the cooling region on the erosion of the helium stratification layer. The temporal and spatial evolution of the helium concentration and the gas temperature inside the containment vessel was predicted and validated against the experimental data. In addition, two stratification behaviors that depend on the cooling location were presented and discussed. The CFD simulation confirmed that an upper head cooling caused two counter-rotating vortexes in the helium-rich zone. Meanwhile, the upper half body cooling caused two counter-rotating vortexes in the helium-poor zone. These findings are important to understand the mechanism of the density stratification process driven by natural convection in the containment vessel.
中村 秀夫; Bentaib, A.*; Herranz, L. E.*; Ruyer, P.*; Mascari, F.*; Jacquemain, D.*; Adorni, M.*
Proceedings of International Conference on Topical Issues in Nuclear Installation Safety; Strengthening Safety of Evolutionary and Innovative Reactor Designs (TIC 2022) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2022/10
The WGAMA activity achievements have been published as technical reports, becoming reference materials to discuss innovative methods, materials and technologies in the fields of thermal-hydraulics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and severe accidents (SAs). The International Standard Problems (ISPs) and Benchmarks of computer codes have been supported by a huge amount of the databases for the code validation necessary for the reactor safety assessment with accuracy. The paper aims to review and summarize the recent WGAMA outcomes with focus on new advanced reactor applications including small modular reactors (SMRs). Particularly, discussed are applicability of major outcomes in the relevant subjects of passive system, modelling innovation in CFD, severe accident management (SAM) countermeasures, advanced measurement methods and instrumentation, and modelling robustness of safety analysis codes. Although large portions of the outcomes are considered applicable, design-specific subjects may need careful considerations when applied. The WGAMA efforts, experiences and achievements for the safety assessment of operating nuclear power plants including SA will be of great help for the continuous safety improvements required for the advanced reactors including SMRs.
近藤 恭弘; 武井 早憲; Yee-Rendon, B.; 田村 潤
プラズマ・核融合学会誌, 98(5), p.222 - 226, 2022/05
ADSの要求を満たすドライバリニアックを実現するためには超伝導加速空洞が必須であり、従来常伝導を採用していた低エネルギー部について、近年の特に低エネルギー用の超伝導加速空洞開発の進展を反映した再設計を行った。また、最も使用実績の少ないスポーク型空洞について試作機による開発を行っている。本稿では、これら日本原子力研究開発機構における最新のADS用リニアックの研究開発について報告する。
Yee-Rendon, B.; 近藤 恭弘; 田村 潤; 明午 伸一郎; 前川 藤夫
Proceedings of 64th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2021) (Internet), p.30 - 34, 2022/04
原子力機構(JAEA)では、核廃棄物の有害度低減のための加速器駆動未臨界システム(ADS)の研究開発に取り組んでおり、ビーム電流20mAの30MWのCW陽子線形加速器(LINAC)を設計を進めている。本LINACは、2.5MeVのエネルギーまでの常伝導(NC)加速器で構成され、引き続き5つの超伝導(SC)セクションにより最大1.5GeVまで加速する。未臨界原子炉の熱応力を回避のため、ADSの加速器は現存の加速器より極めて高い信頼性が必要となり、LINACの設計における最大の課題となる。このため、故障時にもビーム損失の少ない運転を継続できるフォールトトレランス機能を備えた強安定設計を進めている。本発表では、LINACの高信頼性達成に向けたビームダイナミクスの結果を紹介する。
Dehbi, A.*; Cheng, X.*; Liao, Y.*; 岡垣 百合亜; Pellegrini, M.*
Proceedings of 19th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-19) (Internet), 15 Pages, 2022/03
Nuclear degraded cores produce fission product aerosols that may reach the environment if not removed by natural processes and/or filtering equipment. The transport paths of aerosols usually include transits through stagnant water pools. It is therefore essential to develop computational tools to predict the aerosols retention by water pools. Currently, this is mostly done with 1-D lumped-parameter codes that are too simplistic to capture the physics. It is hence worthwhile to attempt the CFD approach, which has recently become reasonably mature to address bubble hydrodynamics in low momentum two-phase flows. In this first comparative exercise, we restrict the investigation to a hypothetical parallelepiped water pool (2
28 cm
) into which air is injected through a circular 4 mm ID orifice at low velocity of 0.2 m/s. We present predictions of the gas phase dynamics (void and velocity profiles) for both Euler-Euler and Interface Tracking (IT, Volume-of-Fluid (VOF)) methodologies. In addition, we compare bubble shape, volume and detachment frequency from various IT simulation codes (CFX, Fluent, Star-CCM+, OpenFOAM). Reasonable agreement is found between IT simulations near the injector, but discrepancies increase as one moves towards the free surface. The disagreement between the Euler-Euler and IT results is substantial throughout the domain. Future studies will consist of validation exercises against experimental data to highlight potential model deficiencies and point to ways of remedying them.
Rizaal, M.; 三輪 周平; 鈴木 恵理子; 井元 純平; 逢坂 正彦; Gou
llo, M.*
ACS Omega (Internet), 6(48), p.32695 - 32708, 2021/12
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：6.77(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)This paper presents our investigation on cesium and iodine compounds revaporization from cesium iodide (CsI) deposits on the surface of stainless steel type 304L, which were initiated by boron and/or steam flow. A dedicated basic experimental facility with a thermal gradient tube (TGT) was used for simulating the phenomena. The number of deposits, the formed chemical compounds, and elemental distribution were analyzed from samples located at temperature range 1000-400 K. In the absence of boron in the gas flow, it was found that the initial deposited CsI at 850 K could be directly re-vaporized as CsI vapor/aerosol or reacted with the carrier gas and stainless steel (Cr
O layer) to form CsCrO
on the former deposited surface. The latter mechanism consequently gave a release of gaseous iodine that was accumulated downstream. After introducing boron to the steam flow, a severe revaporization of iodine deposit at 850 K occurred (more than 70% initial deposit). This was found as a result of the formation of two kinds of cesium borates (CsBO
5HO and CsB
O
4HO) which contributed to a large release of gaseous iodine that was capable of reaching outlet of TGT (
400 K). In the case of nuclear severe accident, our study have demonstrated that gaseous iodine could be expected to increase in the colder region of a reactor after late release of boron or a subsequent steam flow after refloods of the reactor, thus posing its near-term risk once leaked to the environment.
長谷川 雄太; 青木 尊之*; 小林 宏充*; 井戸村 泰宏; 小野寺 直幸
Parallel Computing, 108, p.102851_1 - 102851_12, 2021/12
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：32.94(Computer Science, Theory & Methods)GPUスーパコンピュータに対して格子ボルツマン法(LBM: lattice Botltzmann method)およびforest-of-octreesに基づくブロック構造型の局所細分化格子(LMR: local mesh refinement)を用いた空力解析コードを実装し、その性能を評価した。性能評価の結果、従来の空間充填曲線(SFC; space-filling curve)に基づく領域分割アルゴリズムでは、本空力解析において袖領域通信のコストが過大となることがわかった。領域分割の改善手法として本稿では挿し木法を提案し、領域分割の局所性とトポロジーを改善し、従来のSFCに基づく手法に比べて通信コストを1/31/4に削減した。強スケーリング測定では、最大で1.82倍の高速化を示し、128GPUで2207MLUPS(mega-lattice update per second)の性能を達成した。弱スケーリング測定では、8128GPUで93.4%の並列化効率を示し、最大規模の128GPU計算では44.73億格子点を用いて9620MLUPSの性能を達成した。
Yee-Rendon, B.; 近藤 恭弘; 田村 潤; 明午 伸一郎; 前川 藤夫
Proceedings of 20th International Conference on RF Superconductivity (SRF 2021) (Internet), p.372 - 375, 2021/11
放射性廃棄物の問題解決の一環として、日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)では1980年代後半からaccelerator driven subcritical system (ADS)を開発してきた。JAEAの提案するADSでは、30MWのCW陽子線形加速器(linac)により、800MWthの未臨界原子炉を駆動する。ADS最大の課題は、運転に必要となる高い信頼性と稼働率である。このため、JAEA-ADS linacについて、超伝導高周波(SRF)における最新技術を用い再設計を行った。さらに、ビーム損失の抑制が制御できる堅牢なラティスを開発し、SRFの空洞における障害を迅速に回復できるフォールトトレランスなシステムを実装した。本発表では、JAEA-ADS超伝導ライナックの研究開発の最新の結果を示す。
Yee-Rendon, B.; 田村 潤; 近藤 恭弘; 中野 敬太; 武井 早憲; 前川 藤夫; 明午 伸一郎
Proceedings of 18th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (インターネット), p.61 - 65, 2021/10
日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)が提案する加速器駆動未臨界システム(ADS)の主要コンポーネントとして、30MW CW超伝導陽子線形加速器の設計を進めている。未臨界炉における熱応力の抑制のため、線形加速器には高い信頼性を持つことが主要な課題となる。本研究では、JAEA-ADS線形加速器のフォールトトレランスの能力を高めるための手法について検討を進め、ビーム運転を高速で復旧し停止期間を短縮できる障害補償スキームについて検討した。
Yee-Rendon, B.; 近藤 恭弘; 前川 藤夫; 明午 伸一郎; 田村 潤
Proceedings of 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 21) (Internet), p.790 - 792, 2021/08
原子力機構(JAEA)が提案する核変換システム(ADS)において、Medium Energy Transport Beam (MEBT)は、電流20mA、エネルギー2.5MeVの連続したCW陽子ビームを、常伝導のRadio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ)の出口からHalf-Wave Resonator(HWR)セクションに輸送する。MEBTは、RFQとHWRの間の良好なマッチング、およびビームエミッタンスの増加とハロー形成の抑制した効果的なビーム制御が必要となる。このために、ビーム診断機器のための十分なスペースを装置間に設ける必要がある。本報では、JAEA-ADSのMEBTにおける初段ラティス設計とビームダイナミクス研究を報告する。
四辻 健治*; 舘 幸男; 佐久間 博*; 河村 雄行*
Applied Clay Science, 204, p.106034_1 - 106034_13, 2021/04
被引用回数：61 パーセンタイル：99.73(Chemistry, Physical)This study investigated swelling behaviors of montmorillonite with interlayer cations including monovalent Na, K and Cs, and divalent Ca and Sr by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental measurements coupling X-ray diffraction and water vapor adsorption. The comparative analysis provides a consistent picture of the swelling mechanisms of montmorillonite and their dependence on the interlayer cations. From comparative analysis of the effects of the interlayer cations, the main factor affecting the swelling behaviors of montmorillonite with monovalent and divalent interlayer cations seems to be the hydration free energy of the interlayer cations. The crystalline swelling ability and the saturated water contents in the interlayer of montmorillonite can be correlated to the hydration free energy of each interlayer cations. The additional key factor is the preference of outer- or inner-sphere complex of interlayer cations and resulting cations distributions in the interlayer space. This effect has a significant impact in the case of monovalent cations, resulting different swelling behaviors between outer-sphere Na and inner-sphere K and Cs.
Yee-Rendon, B.; 田村 潤; 近藤 恭弘; 長谷川 和男; 前川 藤夫; 明午 伸一郎; 小栗 英知
JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011043_1 - 011043_5, 2021/03
原子力機構(JAEA)では、放射性廃棄物の有害度低減を目的とし加速器駆動未臨界システム(ADS)の研究開発を行っている。JAEAが提案するADSは、30MWのCW陽子リニアックと未臨界炉の結合で構成される。陽子の運動エネルギー1.5GeVの到達のため、常電導高周波キャビティ(NRFC)と超電導高周波キャビティ(SRFC)が用いられ、SRFCは2MeVから1.5GeVまでの加速の主要部分に用いられる。加速器開発の第一段階として、SRFCのモデルとビーム光学系の設計と最適化に重点が置いた。SRFCでは、半波長共振器(HWR),シングルスポーク(SS),楕円空洞(Ellip)をそれぞれ162, 324, 648MHzで動作させて加速する。ビーム光学系は、等分割条件を満たすように最適化されており、エミッタンス増長の抑制により、ビームのハローとロスを低減することができた。
Zhai, Y.*; Luo, P.*; 長尾 道弘*; 中島 健次; 菊地 龍弥*; 川北 至信; Kienzle, P. A.*; Z, Y.*; Faraone, A.*
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 23(12), p.7220 - 7232, 2021/03
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：27(Chemistry, Physical)2-Propanol was investigated, in both the liquid and supercooled states, as a model system to study how hydrogen bonds affect the structural relaxation and the dynamics of mesoscale structures, of approximately several Angstroms, employing static and quasi-elastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation. Dynamic neutron scattering measurements were performed over an exchanged wave-vector range encompassing the pre-peak, indicative of the presence of H-bonding associates, and the main peak. The dynamics observed at the pre-peak is associated with the formation and disaggregation of the H-bonded associates and is measured to be at least one order of magnitude slower than the dynamics at the main peak, which is identified as the structural relaxation. The measurements indicate that the macroscopic shear viscosity has a similar temperature dependence as the dynamics of the H-bonded associates, which highlights the important role played by these structures, together with the structural relaxation, in defining the macroscopic rheological properties of the system. Importantly, the characteristic relaxation time at the pre-peak follows an Arrhenius temperature dependence whereas at the main peak it exhibits a non-Arrhenius behavior on approaching the supercooled state. The origin of this differing behavior is attributed to an increased structuring of the hydrophobic domains of 2-propanol accommodating a more and more encompassing H-bond network, and a consequent set in of dynamic cooperativity.
岡垣 百合亜; 与能本 泰介; 石垣 将宏; 廣瀬 意育
Fluids (Internet), 6(2), p.80_1 - 80_17, 2021/02
Many thermohydraulic issues about the safety of light water reactors are related to complicated two-phase flow phenomena. In these phenomena, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using the volume of fluid (VOF) method causes numerical diffusion generated by the first-order upwind scheme used in the convection term of the volume fraction equation. Thus, in this study, we focused on an interface compression (IC) method for such a VOF approach; this technique prevents numerical diffusion issues and maintains boundedness and conservation with negative diffusion. First, on a sufficiently high mesh resolution and without the IC method, the validation process was considered by comparing the amplitude growth of the interfacial wave between a two-dimensional gas sheet and a quiescent liquid using the linear theory. The disturbance growth rates were consistent with the linear theory, and the validation process was considered appropriate. Then, this validation process confirmed the effects of the IC method on numerical diffusion, and we derived the optimum value of the IC coefficient, which is the parameter that controls the numerical diffusion.
齋藤 慎平*; De Rosis, A.*; Fei, L.*; Luo, K. H.*; 海老原 健一; 金子 暁子*; 阿部 豊*
Physics of Fluids, 33(2), p.023307_1 - 023307_21, 2021/02
被引用回数：31 パーセンタイル：98.32(Mechanics)流れ場で沸騰が発生する現象は強制対流沸騰として知られている。今回、飽和条件の流れ場中の円柱上での沸騰システムを数値的に調査した。複雑な気液相変化現象に対処するために、擬ポテンシャル格子ボルツマン法(LBM)に基づく数値スキームを開発した。高いレイノルズ数の数値安定性を高めるため、衝突項を中心モーメント(CM)の空間で解いた。CMベースのLBMに適した力場スキームを採用することで簡潔でありながら堅牢なアルゴリズムとなっている。さらに、熱力学的一貫性を確保するために必要な追加項をCMの枠組みにおいて導出した。現在のスキームの有効性は、核形成,成長、および30-30000の間で変化するレイノルズ数の蒸気泡の離脱を含む一連の沸騰プロセスに対してテストされた。開発したCMベースのLBMは、初期気相などの人工的な入力なしに、核沸騰,遷移沸騰、および膜沸騰の沸騰様式を再現できる。結果からプール沸騰ではなく強制対流システムでも抜山曲線として知られる典型的な沸騰曲線が現れることが分かった。また、今回のシミュレーションは膜沸騰領域でも断続的な直接固液接触の実験的観察を支持することが分かった。
